Classification of cell death
Identifieur interne : 008622 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 008621; suivant : 008623Classification of cell death
Auteurs : G. Kroemer [France] ; L. Galluzzi [France] ; P. Vandenabeele [Belgique] ; J. Abrams [États-Unis] ; Es Alnemri [États-Unis] ; Eh Baehrecke [États-Unis] ; Mv Blagosklonny [États-Unis] ; Ws El-Deiry [États-Unis] ; P. Golstein [France] ; Dr Green [États-Unis] ; M. Hengartner [Suisse] ; Ra Knight [Royaume-Uni] ; S. Kumar [Australie] ; Sa Lipton [États-Unis] ; W. Malorni [Italie] ; G. Nu Ez [États-Unis] ; Me Peter [États-Unis] ; J. Tschopp [Suisse] ; J. Yuan [États-Unis] ; M. Piacentini [Italie] ; B. Zhivotovsky [Suède] ; G. Melino [Italie, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Cell death and differentiation [ 1350-9047 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like ‘percentage apoptosis’ and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that ‘autophagic cell death’ is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe’, ‘necrosis’, ‘necroptosis’ and ‘pyroptosis’.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.150
PubMed: 18846107
PubMed Central: 2744427
Affiliations:
- Australie, Belgique, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, Suède, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Californie, Canton de Zurich, Grand Londres, Illinois, Latium, Massachusetts, Michigan, Pennsylvanie, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Svealand, Tennessee, Texas, État de New York, Île-de-France
- Londres, Marseille, Rome, Stockholm, Zurich
- University College de Londres, Université de Zurich
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Le document en format XML
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Malorni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. 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Tschopp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Epalinges CH-1066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 9HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18846107</idno><idno type="pmc">2744427</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744427</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2744427</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/cdd.2008.150</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001487</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001487</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001347</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001347</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002A34</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002A34</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000457</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000457</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000457</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1350-9047:2008:Kroemer G:classification:of:cell</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">008E73</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">008622</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">008622</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Classification of cell death</title><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, U848, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Sud-XI, Villejuif F-94805</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent B-9052</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gent B-9052</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent B-9052, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Gent B-9052</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gent B-9052</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abrams, J" sort="Abrams, J" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J" last="Abrams">J. Abrams</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alnemri, Es" sort="Alnemri, Es" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="Es" last="Alnemri">Es Alnemri</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baehrecke, Eh" sort="Baehrecke, Eh" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="Eh" last="Baehrecke">Eh Baehrecke</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blagosklonny, Mv" sort="Blagosklonny, Mv" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="Mv" last="Blagosklonny">Mv Blagosklonny</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A9">Cancer Center, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Center, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, NY 12208</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Deiry, Ws" sort="El Deiry, Ws" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="Ws" last="El-Deiry">Ws El-Deiry</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A10">Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille F-13288</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13288</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">CNRS, U631, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS, U631, Marseille F-13288</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13288</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">INSERM, UMR612, Marseille F-13288, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR612, Marseille F-13288</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>13288</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Green, Dr" sort="Green, Dr" uniqKey="Green D" first="Dr" last="Green">Dr Green</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hengartner, M" sort="Hengartner, M" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M" last="Hengartner">M. Hengartner</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A15">Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knight, Ra" sort="Knight, Ra" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Ra" last="Knight">Ra Knight</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A16">Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Hanson Institute, IMVS, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hanson Institute, IMVS, Adelaide, SA 5000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA 5000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A18">Burnham Institute for Medical Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Burnham Institute for Medical Research, San Diego, CA 92037</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A19">The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A20">University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome I-00161</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A22">University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peter, Me" sort="Peter, Me" uniqKey="Peter M" first="Me" last="Peter">Me Peter</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A23">Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tschopp, J" sort="Tschopp, J" uniqKey="Tschopp J" first="J" last="Tschopp">J. Tschopp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Epalinges CH-1066</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani’, Rome I-00149</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17111</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome I-00133</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LE1 9HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Cell death and differentiation</title><idno type="ISSN">1350-9047</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-5403</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like ‘percentage apoptosis’ and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that ‘autophagic cell death’ is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe’, ‘necrosis’, ‘necroptosis’ and ‘pyroptosis’.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Californie</li><li>Canton de Zurich</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Illinois</li><li>Latium</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Tennessee</li><li>Texas</li><li>État de New York</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Marseille</li><li>Rome</li><li>Stockholm</li><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université de Zurich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name></region><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name><name sortKey="Galluzzi, L" sort="Galluzzi, L" uniqKey="Galluzzi L" first="L" last="Galluzzi">L. Galluzzi</name><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><name sortKey="Golstein, P" sort="Golstein, P" uniqKey="Golstein P" first="P" last="Golstein">P. Golstein</name><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" sort="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="G" last="Kroemer">G. Kroemer</name></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Vandenabeele, P" sort="Vandenabeele, P" uniqKey="Vandenabeele P" first="P" last="Vandenabeele">P. Vandenabeele</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Texas"><name sortKey="Abrams, J" sort="Abrams, J" uniqKey="Abrams J" first="J" last="Abrams">J. Abrams</name></region><name sortKey="Alnemri, Es" sort="Alnemri, Es" uniqKey="Alnemri E" first="Es" last="Alnemri">Es Alnemri</name><name sortKey="Baehrecke, Eh" sort="Baehrecke, Eh" uniqKey="Baehrecke E" first="Eh" last="Baehrecke">Eh Baehrecke</name><name sortKey="Blagosklonny, Mv" sort="Blagosklonny, Mv" uniqKey="Blagosklonny M" first="Mv" last="Blagosklonny">Mv Blagosklonny</name><name sortKey="El Deiry, Ws" sort="El Deiry, Ws" uniqKey="El Deiry W" first="Ws" last="El-Deiry">Ws El-Deiry</name><name sortKey="Green, Dr" sort="Green, Dr" uniqKey="Green D" first="Dr" last="Green">Dr Green</name><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><name sortKey="Lipton, Sa" sort="Lipton, Sa" uniqKey="Lipton S" first="Sa" last="Lipton">Sa Lipton</name><name sortKey="Nu Ez, G" sort="Nu Ez, G" uniqKey="Nu Ez G" first="G" last="Nu Ez">G. Nu Ez</name><name sortKey="Peter, Me" sort="Peter, Me" uniqKey="Peter M" first="Me" last="Peter">Me Peter</name><name sortKey="Yuan, J" sort="Yuan, J" uniqKey="Yuan J" first="J" last="Yuan">J. Yuan</name></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Hengartner, M" sort="Hengartner, M" uniqKey="Hengartner M" first="M" last="Hengartner">M. Hengartner</name></region><name sortKey="Tschopp, J" sort="Tschopp, J" uniqKey="Tschopp J" first="J" last="Tschopp">J. Tschopp</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Knight, Ra" sort="Knight, Ra" uniqKey="Knight R" first="Ra" last="Knight">Ra Knight</name></region><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kumar, S" sort="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S" last="Kumar">S. Kumar</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Malorni, W" sort="Malorni, W" uniqKey="Malorni W" first="W" last="Malorni">W. Malorni</name></region><name sortKey="Melino, G" sort="Melino, G" uniqKey="Melino G" first="G" last="Melino">G. Melino</name><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" sort="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M" first="M" last="Piacentini">M. Piacentini</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Zhivotovsky, B" sort="Zhivotovsky, B" uniqKey="Zhivotovsky B" first="B" last="Zhivotovsky">B. Zhivotovsky</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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